Deradicalization of Minors Involved in Terrorist Attacks

Eko Nurisman; Winda Fitri; Winsherly Tan

doi:10.25072/jwy.v7i1.4208

Deradicalization of Minors Involved in Terrorist Attacks

Eko Nurisman, Winda Fitri, Winsherly Tan

Abstract

Terrorism as a universal threat to peace has been a huge problem specifically for Indonesia, threatening the fabrics of Indonesian society in collaboration with radicalism, which can reach even minors. To fight this, efforts to eradicate radicalization as an important factor in the spread of terrorism’s influence should be supported with by adequate regulations. Using the normative legal research method, this research analyzes the reality of terrorism and its relation to the existing relevant legal framework in Indonesia. This research finds that terrorism has a wide grip on Indonesian society, especially the youth, due to the spread of radicalism and the weak normative structure surrounding the act of radicalization. Findings and analysis of this research argue that there are possibilities of using the restorative justice approach through the process of deradicalization, according to Indonesia’s ideology, Pancasila.

Keywords

Deradicalization; Minors; Radicalism; Terrorism.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Akmansyah, Muhammad, and Nurnazli. “Prevention of Radicalism Infiltration in Pesantren.” In Proceedings of the 1st Raden Intan International Conference on Muslim Societies and Social Sciences (RIICMuSSS 2019), 264–269, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201113.050.

Anakotta, Marthsian Yeksi. “The Criminal Acts by Armed Criminal Group in Papua, ‘Treason’ or ‘Terrorism’?” Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 7, No. 2 (2021): 641–662. https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v7i2.37994.

Anakotta, Marthsian Yeksi, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. “Melanjutkan Pembangunan Sistem Keamanan Nasional Indonesia Dalam Kerangka Legal System Sebagai Upaya Menanggulangi Kejahatan Terorisme.” Jurnal Keamanan Nasioanal 6, No. 1 (2020): 41–71. https://doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v6i1.455.

Anakotta, Marthsian Yeksi, Hari Sutra Disemadi, and Kholis Roisah. “From Youth for 74 Years of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia (Masohi Militancy: Youth Efforts to Eradicate Radicalism And Terrorism).” Jurnal Hukum Prasada 7, No. 1 (2020): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.22225/jhp.7.1.2020.53-60.

Anwar, Khoirul. “Pancasila Village, Multicultural Education and Moderation of Diversity in Indonesia.” Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 4, No. 2 (2021): 221–234. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v4i2.1238.

Anwar, Moh Khoerul, and Muhammad Wildan. “Family Well-Being and Radicalism in Digital Era.” In Proceedings of the Borneo International Conference on Education and Social Sciences (BICESS 2018), 142–149, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009017901420149.

Arshad, Akash, Aqsa Iram Shahzadi, and Ali Hassan. “Role of Media in Political Polarization: Impacts on Democracy in Pakistan.” Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review 7, No. 3 (August 30, 2023): 296–311. https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2023(7-III)27.

Avdan, Nazli, and Clayton Webb. “The Big, the Bad, and the Dangerous: Public Perceptions and Terrorism.” Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict: Pathways toward Terrorism and Genocide 11, No. 1 (2018): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2017.1414276.

Beech, Hannah, and Muktita Suhartono. “At the Heart of Indonesia Terror Attacks, a Well-Liked Family.” The New York Times, May 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/18/world/asia/indonesia-surabaya-terrorism-dita-oepriarto.html, accessed Feb 20, 2023.

Bimanti Esthi, Raniasari. “Strategi Sumber Daya Manusia Di Masa Pandemi Dan New Normal Melalui Remote Working, Employee Productivity, Dan Upskilling for Digital.” JPM: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, No. 1 (2020): 22–24.

Bötticher, Astrid. “Towards Academic Consensus Definitions of Radicalism and Extremism.” Perspectives on Terrorism 11, No. 4 (2017): 73–77. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26297896.

Chandra, Yanto. “Social Entrepreneurship as Emancipatory Work.” Journal of Business Venturing 32, no. 6 (2017): 657–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.08.004.

Disemadi, Hari Sutra. “Lenses of Legal Research: A Descriptive Essay on Legal Research Methodologies.” Journal of Judicial Review 24, No. 2 (November 2022): 289–304. https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v24i2.7280.

Gunawan, Budi, and Barito Mulyo Ratmono. “Threats to the Ideology of Pancasila In the Reform Era: Praxis Case of Regional Development Policy.” Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan 9, No. 1 (2018): 56–82. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2018.0057.56-82.

Hanifah, Ida, and Nurhilmiyah Nurhilmiyah. “Analisis Hukum Bentuk-Bentuk Radikalisme Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dfaini.” Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 4, No. 3 (January 2022): 1486–1492. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v4i3.898.

Hariri, Achmad. “Dekonstruksi Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Bentuk Sistem Hukum Di Indonesia.” Ajudikadi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, No. 1 (2019): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.30656/ajudikasi.v3i1.1055.

Hariyanto, Hariyanto. “Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 1, No. 1 (2018): 53–63. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v1i1.1731.

Harrington, John, and Ambreena Manji. “The Limits of Socio-Legal Radicalism: Social and Legal Studies and Third World Scholarship.” Social & Legal Studies 26, No. 6 (December 2017): 700–715. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663917729874.

Hidayat, Arif, and Laga Sugiarto. “Strategi Penangkalan & Penanggulangan Radikalisme Melalui Cultural Reinforcement Masyarakat Jawa Tengah.” Jurnal USM Law Review 3, No. 1 (2020): 135–154. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v3i1.2203.

Indrawan, Jerry, and M. Prakoso Aji. “Efektivitas Program Deradikalisasi Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme Terhadap Narapidana Terorisme Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara 9, No. 2 (August 2019): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v9i2.561.

Kaess, Michael. “Editorial: Social Media Use in Children and Adolescents – on the Good or the Bad Side of the Force?” Child and Adolescent Mental Health 25, No. 4 (2020): 199–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12432.

Kopytowska, Monika. “Proximization, Prosumption and Salience in Digital Discourse: On the Interface of Social Media Communicative Dynamics and the Spread of Populist Ideologies.” Critical Discourse Studies 19, No. 2 (March 2022): 144–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2020.1842774.

Masrukhi, Margi Wahono, Tijan, and AT Sugeng Priyanto. “Pancasila Clinic Model Based on Local Affairs in Village Communities (Village Case Around the Semarang State University Campus).” In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Character Education (ICCE 2020), 190–200, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210204.029.

Mihailescu, Bogdan Constantin, and Silviu Petru Grecu. “Ideological Diversity and Cognitive Difficulties.” Meta 10, No. 2 (2018): 540–567.

Napitu, Ulung, Opan S Suwartapradja, Budi Radjab, and Junardi Harahap. “Challenges and Its Approaches to Bring Integration of Indonesian People.” Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, No. 2 (May 30, 2020): 381–391. https://doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i2.236.

Osaherumwen, Stephen. “International Terrorism: The Influence of Social Media in Perspective.” World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 3, No. 10 (2017): 86–91.

Primack, Brian A, Ariel Shensa, Jaime E Sidani, Erin O Whaite, Liu yi Lin, Daniel Rosen, Jason B Colditz, Ana Radovic, and Elizabeth Miller. “Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation Among Young Adults in the U.S.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 53, No. 1 (2017): 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010.

Rochanah, Rochanah. “Students’ Perceptions of Islamic Religious Education about Islam and Radicalism: A Study of Three PTKIN Central Java.” Bulletin of Science Education 1, No. 3 (2021): 228–236. https://doi.org/10.51278/bse.v1i3.261.

Rulyansah, Afib, Ludfi Arya Wardana, and Intan Novita Sari. “Idealisasi Ideologi Pancasila Untuk Pencegahan Radikalisme Melalui Aktivitas Bela Negara Pada PK2MABA Universitas Panca Marga.” Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan 3, No. 12 (2018): 1680–1687.

Rutter, Lauren A., Holly M. Thompson, Jacqueline Howard, Tennisha N. Riley, Robinson D. De Jesús-Romero, and Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces. “Social Media Use, Physical Activity, and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence: Cross-Sectional Analysis.” JMIR Mental Health 8, No. 9 (2021): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2196/26134.

Subagyo, Agus. “Implementasi Pancasila Dalam Menangkal Intoleransi, Radikalisme Dan Terorisme.” Jurnal Rontal Keilmuan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan 6, No. 1 (2020): 10–24. https://doi.org/10.29100/jr.v6i1.1509.

Susilowati, Grace Anika. “Pengaruh Sosial Media Dalam Membentuk Persepsi Pemuda Terhadap Partisipasi Politik.” Ikon - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi 23, No. 1 (2019): 38–52.

Widiatama, Hadi Mahmud, and Suparwi. “Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia.” Jurnal USM Law Review 3, No. 2 (2020): 310–327. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v3i2.2774.

Widodo, Priyantoro, and Karnawati Karnawati. “Moderasi Agama Dan Pemahaman Radikalisme Di Indonesia.” PASCA: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 15, No. 2 (November 2019): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.46494/psc.v15i2.61.

Wika Alzana, Anissa, Yuni Harmawati, and M Pd. “Pendidikan Pancasila Sebagai Pendidikan Multikultural.” Citizenship Jurnal Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan 9, No. 1 (2021): 51–57.

Winarni, Luh Nila. “Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Non Penal Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Radikalisme Berbentuk Terorisme.” DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 12, No. 23 (February 2016): 56–63. https://doi.org/10.30996/dih.v12i23.894.

Winata, Lingga, and Sri Mastuti Purwaningsih. “Nasakom Sebagai Ideologi Negara Tahun 1959-1965.” Avatara 5, No. 3 (2017): 728–737.

Zendle, David, and Henrietta Bowden-Jones. “Is Excessive Use of Social Media an Addiction?” The BMJ 365 (2019): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l2171.

Zulfikar, Muhammad, and Aminah Aminah. “Peran Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme Dalam Pemberantasan Terorisme Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 2, No. 1 (January 2020): 129–144. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v2i1.129-144.

Zych, Izabela, and Elena Nasaescu. “PROTOCOL: Is Radicalization a Family Issue? A Systematic Review of Family-Related Risk and Protective Factors, Consequences, and Interventions against Radicalization.” Campbell Systematic Reviews 17, No. 3 (2021): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1190.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25072/jwy.v7i1.4208